Chapter : 1

Common Cardiovascular Drugs

Busulphan

Busulphan

Introduction :

Busulphan is a bifunctional cytotoxic alkylating agent and prototype agent of alkyl sulfonates. Busulphan is a antineoplastic agent, also known as anticancerous drug, unrelated to nitrogen mustards. All alkylating agents have or can form an alkyl group that becomes covalently bound to cellular constituents. Busulphan is used in combination of different types of anticancerous drugs to obtain better therapeutic effects and to reduce the side effects or toxicities.

PharmacoKinetics: 

Volume of distribution is found to be 0.99l/kg and plasma protien binding is 7.4%. and metabolism is reported extensive. Renal Excretion accounts for 10-50% (inactive etabolite), 1% (unchaged) and plasma half life is 2-3 hr.

Indications :
Busulphan is primarily indicated in conditions like Chronic myeloid leukaemia, Granulocytic leukemia, Polycythemia vera, and can also be given in adjunctive therapy as an alternative drug of choice in Myelofibrosis, Thrombocythaemia.

Aspirin

Aspirin

Definition: - Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). It’s relieves pain and reduces fever.

The chemical name of aspirin is Acetyl salicylic acid.

Properties of aspirin:-

                                                                                   i.         Analgesic.

                                                                                 ii.         Anti-pyretic.

                                                                               iii.         Anti-inflammation.

                                                                               iv.         Thrombosis in artery.

                                                                                 v.         Platelets aggregation.

Use or Indication of aspirin:-

1.     Myocardial infection.

2.     After bypass surgery.

3.     Headache

4.     Dysmenorrhea

5.     Influenza.

6.     Toothache

7.     Cold, fever.

Dosage and administration of aspirin:

ü  Normal dose: 300 mg 3 times daily.

ü  In. Rh fever: 5 mg/kg/day (300mg day of 60 kg man)

ü  In. Rh arthritis: 4- 6 mg /day.

Strength:

ü  300 mg

ü  75 mg

All definition notes

All definition notes

Pharmaceutical Chemistry : -  It is the branch of chemistry that deals with chemicals which are used in medicine. It also includes that the study of structure biological activity metabolism & mechanism of action of drug.

Pharmacognosy :- The word "Pharmacognosy" is derived from the Greek words pharmakon (drug) and gnosis (knowledge).

Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines Pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources. It is also defined as the study of crude drugs.

Pharmaceutics :- It is the science and art of preparing medicine from crude or finished drugs the different dosages forms. It is also deals with dispensing and marketing of such product.

Pharmacology :- Pharmacology embraces the knowledge of history , source , physical and chemical properties , compounding , biological and physiological effects , mechanism of action , absorption , distribution , biotransformation , excretion , therapeutic and uses of drugs .

Pharmacy :- Pharmacy is the science of preparing compounding and dispensing of drugs suitable dosages from for administration.

Pharmacist :- A pharmacist is a person , who is preparing compounding and dispensing of drugs suitable administration.

Anatomy :- The term anatomy is derived from the Greek words meaning “to cut apart” because in anatomical studies the human body or its parts ate dissected to be examined.

Anatomy is the study of the body parts and their relationships to one another.

Physiology :-

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Questions

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Questions

 

1.      What do you mean by official pharmacopoeia ? Give examples. Mention the importance of pharmacopoeia. ( 4+6 ){2012}

2.       

3.      What is chemical incompatibility ? Explain with suitable examples.(4) {2013}

4.      Give some examples of incompatibilities those are observed in various dosage forms. (6) {2013}

5.      Define the following :-  (10)   {2013}

Ø  Normality.

Ø  Molarity.

Ø  Molality.

Ø  Molecular weight.

6.      What is impurity ? Why is it considered as important ? (4)  {2013}

7.      How could you identify impurity in a drug ? (6)  {2013}

8.      Describe the sources of impurities in pharmaceuticals.(10) {2013}

9.      Write down the medical and pharmaceutical use of the following :-  (3×4) {2013}

                                i.            SiO₂.

                              ii.            H₂O.

                            iii.            NO₂.

                            iv.            KOH

10.  Calculate the molecular weight of sodium carbonate.(3)  {2013}

11.  Write down the importance of pharmacopoeia.(5)  {2013}

12.     What do you mean by analgesic ? Name two analgesic drugs with their properties and uses.(10)  {2013}

13.     Describe the ideal storage conditions for insulin and insulin injection. (5) {2013}

14.     Mention the properties and uses of amoxicillin. (5)  {2013}

15.     Describe the preparation method of 10% HCl solution.(5)  {2013}

16.     What is heavy metal ? why are they called so ? (5)  {2013}

17.     Write down about the branches of pharmaceutical chemistry. (10)  {2013}

18.     Write short notes on any five of the following :-  (4× 5)  {2013}

                                      i.            U.S.P.

                                    ii.            NSAIDs.

                                  iii.            Metronidazole.

                                  iv.            ORS.

                                    v.            Limit test.

                                  vi.            Vitamins.